Biotechnology for the development of drought tolerant crops. We can all tell that a cactus is more drought tolerant than a carnation. Deploying a proximal sensing cart to identify drought. Drought tolerance is a nebulous term that becomes more nebulous the more closely we look at it, much as a newspaper photograph does when viewed through a magnifying glass. Drought stress significantly reduces crop production by affecting. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed orthologous gene pairs within. These genotypes could be exploited as genetic resources in breeding programs aiming to improve drought tolerance in cotton. Cotton producers in the midsouth and southeastern regions of the u. A report by the european seed association entitled climate change and the seed industry suggests global temperatures may rise by 11 degrees by 2050, and more frequent and severe drought and flooding, along with increased pressure from insects and disease, will pose the biggest challenges to agricultural production. Numerous traits contribute to drought tolerance in both. The ever changing climatic condition, threatens cotton production due to a lack of sufficient water for its cultivation.
Is it possible to use less water and still have healthy crops. The vegetables, grains and herbs on the following list were selected from seed catalogs and seed catalog websites that specifically mention the terms droughtresistant or droughttolerant in the variety description. Less water for young plants doesnt hurt yield, improves drought tolerance. Pdf screening pakistani cotton for drought tolerance. Crop salt tolerance is defined based on the crops ability to maintain yield and quality with increased salinity. Cotton is mainly grown for its natural fiber and edible oil. Assessment of drought tolerant cotton genotypes based on.
Drought is one of the major ecological factors limiting crop production and food quality. Late embryogenesis abundant lea proteins are large groups of hydrophilic proteins with major role in drought and other abiotic stresses tolerance in plants. With the aim to separate the distinct genotypes, eight cotton genotypes bh190, ali akbar802, niab86, nibge. Lea2 genes were classified into 6 groups, designated as group 1 to 6. Yield losses due to drought are highly variable in nature depending on its timing, intensity, and duration, coupled with other location. Drought tolerance has seldom been a primary breeding objective, usually addressed indirectly under major objectives such as improved yield, pest resistance, and adaptation. Due to quantitative expression of drought tolerance trait, breeding efforts have not met the expectations parida et al.
Cotton is an economically important crop with multiple uses as fiber, biofuel, food, and feed, and drought is one of the most limiting factors in cotton production. In this study, 31 cotton genotypescultivars were evaluated. Progress and perspective on drought and salt stress. Biotechnology for the development of drought tolerant. Drought tolerant sorghum and cotton germplasm sciencedirect.
The fiber obtained from cotton is the indispensable raw material for the textile industries. Drought stress is the major environmental factor that negatively impacts cotton yield throughout the world. We can all tell that a cactus is more drought tolerant than a. Mechanism of drought tolerance avoiding drought is an extremely important adaptation for survival in a water limiting environment.
Robert lemon professor and extension agronomist cotton college station, tx production decisions. Pdf field screening for drought tolerance in cotton researchgate. Aug 01, 2018 late embryogenesis abundant lea proteins play key roles in plant drought tolerance. Cotton is the most important fiber crop and is the basic input to the textile industry. The cart deployment protocol was evaluated on 35 upland cotton gossypium hirsutum l. Cotton late embryogenesis abundant lea2 genes promote root. Comparison of physiological and antioxidant responses of. Morphophysiological, biochemical and molecular adaptations by nature or by genetic engineering can lead to the drought tolerant variety of cotton. Development of a screening method for drought tolerance in cotton seedlings. Jun 01, 2011 overexpression of avp1 in cotton, not only improved drought and salt tolerance in greenhouse conditions, but also increased fiber yield in dryland field conditions. Challenges and perspectives on improving heat and drought. Plants need waterbut what about when its running low. Pdf field screening for drought tolerance in cotton. Thus it is a challenge for plant scientists to screen and develop the drought tolerant cotton lines.
Linked with drought management and impact reduction goals triggers can be set so that certain percentile will invoke responses that will produce a. Pdf the drought is one of the biggest abiotic stresses for crop production in arid and semiarid agriculture. Decades of research on drought tolerance by crop breeders and plant scientists preceded the national commercialization of these varieties. However, even if genetic engineering can improve the drought tolerance of crops somewhat, it may not be enough to substantially reduce crop losses in the real world, where drought can vary in severity and duration. Evaluation of droughttolerance strategies in cotton. Development of a screening method for drought tolerance in. The adaptive strategies used by drought tolerant plants are of major importance for improving performance of cotton crop under erratic water. Involvement of nonenzymatic rosscavenging compounds.
Droughtresistant crops and varieties some crops and varieties require less water than others once they are established. Only limited breeding effort has been expended on identifying or combining such traits. Expression of drought tolerance in transgenic cotton zeeshan shamim, bushra rashid, shahid ur rahman, tayyab husnain centre of excellence in molecular biology, university of the punjab, 87w canal bank road, thokar niaz baig, lahore53700, pakistan corresponding author, email. Genotypic variation for drought tolerance in cotton m. May 16, 2018 from the american society of agronomy. Therefore, the development and release of drought tolerant varieties that will yield well under a broad range of environmental conditions is an important breeding goal. Pdf on jan 1, 2012, zhang jinfa and others published field screening for drought tolerance in cotton find, read and cite all the research you need on. Due to quantitative expression of drought tolerance trait, breeding efforts have not met the. Z a 1 national institute for biotechnology and genetic engineerin g nibge, po box 577, jhang road, faisalabad, pakistan 2 dep. Performance plants announces key advancement of drought. The cotton plants adjust changeable soil moisture levels by its extensive root system. Breeders and crop physiologists need to work closely in testing the viabilityvalidity of the traitbased approaches for drought tolerance. The main aim of this research work was to characterize the late embryogenesis.
Kelly abstract drought stress is the major limitation of common bean phaseolus vulgaris l. For this study, fifty cotton genotypes of different origin were collected from gene pool of central cotton research institute, multan and screened in the glass house. Overexpression of avp1 in cotton, not only improved drought and salttolerance in greenhouse conditions, but also increased fiber yield in dryland field conditions. However, plant physiologists are generally more interested in plants that are able to. Insights into drought stress signaling in plants and the. Thus, there a need for a protocol to offer new opportunities for improving drought tolerance in cotton. Several stress indices have been developed, aiming to assist identification and selection of stable, highyielding, drought tolerant genotypes. Creating drought and salttolerant cotton by overexpressing. Despite many decades of research on drought tolerance in several crops, little progress has been reported in terms of genetic enhancement of crop productivity under waterdeficits environments. Alterations in photosynthetic pigments, protein and. Chilling tolerance, cotton, drought, fatty acid desaturase, gossypium, linolenic acid, omega3 fatty acid background cotton is an important crop worldwide, providing the majority of fiber to the textile industry and a significant. Ghabf2, a bzip transcription factor, confers drought and salinity tolerance in cotton gossypium hirsutum l.
Cotton late embryogenesis abundant lea2 genes promote. Randy boman associate professor and extension agronomist cotton lubbock, tx dr. The genetic basis, quantitative trait loci and genes of cotton drought tolerance are presented as examples of genetic resources in plants. Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions, surviving with protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance, detoxification, or repair of xylem embolism. Pdf drought is an environmental restraint for plants which would become more severe in coming years if effective measures wont be taken. To elucidate the drought tolerance phenomenon in cotton, a backcross population was developed from g. Ppi, a leading developer of agricultural biotechnologies for crop improvement worldwide, announces that the company has reached an important crop performance target in the development of drought tolerant and highyielding cotton for the bayer crop science product development. Physiological screening of cotton gossypium hirsutum l.
Additionally, little information is available on varietal drought tolerance. Identification of qtls and candidate genes for physiological. Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought stress. Apr 27, 2019 the cotton plants adjust changeable soil moisture levels by its extensive root system. Pdf breeding for drought tolerance in cotton gossypium. Compared to drought tolerance, many morphophysiological characters have been recommended as significant selection criteria for cotton crops. Pdf ghabf2, a bzip transcription factor, confers drought. Indepth study and characterization of lea protein families have been carried out in other plants, but not in upland cotton. The salt tolerance of crops can be described as a function of yiel d decline across a range of salt concentrations expressed as the average rootzone salinity figure 2. The cartsensor package included an infrared thermometer, ultrasonic transducer, multispectral re. Usda ers droughttolerant corn in the united states. Some examples of conventional breeding programs for drought tolerance are the development of rice, wheat and indian mustard varieties tolerant to salt and to alkali soils by the central soil salinity research institute in karnal, india 3.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of biological process and. The main aim of this research work was to characterize the late embryogenesis abundant lea protein families. Other plants, specifically crops like corn, wheat, and rice, have become increasingly tolerant to. Mcmichael abstract the key to an efficient screening method is the ability to screen large amounts of plant material in the shortest time possible. To elucidate how brs mediate drought tolerance in cotton, a cotton. Thus, the tolerance of cotton genotypes to water deficits has been the target of various. Drought management strategies related to production, management, and marketing of cotton in texas dr. Genomewide analysis of the omega3 fatty acid desaturase. Pdf the objective of the study was to evaluate 38 new genotypes of gossypium hirsutum l. Cotton variety testing committee, secretary of the cottongen steering committee and served as associate editor cotton, journal of plant. Ramshini4 abstract in order to study the effect of drought stress on morphophysiologic characteristics, yield and yield components of 8 new hybrids of corn zea maize l. Development of rapid and inexpensive screening tools for heat and drought stress tolerance is needed and will be helpful in cotton breeding programs and selecting cultivars for a niche environment. Analysis of drought tolerance and associated traits in upland cotton at the seedling stage.
The seeds of two genotypes, namely gm 090304 moderately drought tolerant and cah 631 drought sensitive, were sown in pots con. Genotypic variation for drought tolerance in cotton springerlink. Scientific gains in drought tolerance have been made in other crops, but corn has been a major focus of research because of its significant acreage and sensitivity to drought. In this study, several pollenbased traits at optimum and high temperatures and physiological parameters measured during the bollfilling period were used to evaluate variability among the cultivars. Screening of cotton germplasm is a prerequisite to classify the cotton genotypes as a drought sensitive and tolerant. Numerous traits contribute to drought tolerance in both sorghum and cotton. Screening cotton genotypes for seedling drought tolerance. These genotypes were also evaluated under the field condition to obtain parents that possess better tolerance against drought. Both crops have the ability to withstand periods of water deficit and to yield an economic return to the farmer.
Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed orthologous gene pairs within the cotton genome. Drought management strategies related to production. Evaluation of the drought stress effects on cotton. Development of a screening method for drought tolerance in cotton seedlings p. Effects of drought stress are estimated to affect more than 50% of the cotton growing regions. Alterations in photosynthetic pigments, protein and osmotic. Any given engineered gene is likely to address only some types of drought, and then only to a limited extent. The salt tolerance of crops can be described as a function of yiel d decline across a range of salt concentrations expressed as the. Genotypic variability among cotton cultivars for heat and.
Genotypic variation for drought tolerance in cotton. Peggy thaxton the key to an efficient screening method is the ability to screen large amounts of. Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought. Still, timing irrigations and defining the amount to be applied have been challenging in humid regions. From the vantage point of an ecologist the features that distinguish xerophytic from mesophytic vegetation are clear. Drought tolerance is the ability to which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid or drought conditions. Physiological traits for drought phenotyping in cotton scielo. All over the world, plant breeding for drought tolerance in cotton has resulted in a broad range of adapted genotypes 11,12. Quantitative trait loci associated with drought tolerance in. Although drought and salt stress tolerances are presumed to be interconnected, the genetic basis is not fully. In this study, 157, 85 and 89 candidate lea2 proteins were identified in g. Drought tolerance studies in wheat 5 column of water that exists from the root hairs to the leaf mesophyll. Linked with drought management and impact reduction goals triggers can be set so that certain percentile will invoke responses that will produce a desired percentage reduction in water use.
Analysis of drought tolerance and associated traits in upland. Kingston, ontario, canada august 9, 2017performance plants inc. The use of stress tolerance indices for the selection of. Quantitative trait loci associated with drought tolerance. Evaluation of drought tolerance in corn zea mays l. Characterization of the late embryogenesis abundant lea.
Br deficiency causes increased sensitivity to drought and yield. Prasad, 2004 throckmorton hall, plant science center, department of agronomy, kansas state university, manhattan, ks 66506 corresponding author. Expression of drought tolerance in transgenic cotton. Moreover, screening for upland cotton drought tolerance at the seedling stage in.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of biological process. I also outline, where possible, the published and preliminary experiments in which transgenic modification of stress tolerance in cotton has been attempted. Drought indices drought progression and recession getting into a drought and getting out of drought. Late embryogenesis abundant lea proteins play key roles in plant drought tolerance. The molecular mechanism of drought tolerance and resistance has been studied at extensive levels in cotton. This study was designed to evaluate the response of root growth of selected converted race stocks crs, tam94l25, and lankart 142 lk 142 under water stress and. Combining root morphological and plant physiological traits associated with drought tolerance should result in improved drought resistance in cotton gossypium hirsutum l.
1185 522 496 1415 25 1518 19 631 43 525 228 513 1217 85 1104 675 764 760 1293 1066 712 864 974 1174 519 1583 1434 1585 1055 1326 275 1392 1388 108 1490 557 218